Ugi reaction Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ugi reaction - Thesis Example Ugi Reaction The Ugi reaction subject has gained unprecedented prominent in recent chemical literature. An explosion of interest toward the Ugi reaction is explained by the rapid development of chemical technologies and the need to solve organic chemistry challenges in a cost-efficient manner. The history of the Ugi reaction dates back to the middle of the 20th century, but it was not before the beginning of the 21st century that its value and benefits for the evolution of organic chemistry were consistently recognized. Ivar Ugi is believed to be the father of all multicomponent reactions [28]. Ugi is also considered the grandfather of the whole combinatorial chemistry [29]. Today’s chemists rely on the advantages of the Ugi reaction, to synthesize diverse collections/ libraries of biologically interesting products. This is particularly the case of the drug industry, which relies on the premise of discovery and innovations and demands fast methods of chemical analysis and synt hesis of complex molecules. The Ugi reaction is a popular object of contemporary chemical research. Dozens of studies were performed to understand the hidden benefits of the Ugi reaction and its implications for chemistry. â€Å"The Ugi reaction is the one-pot condensation of an amine, aldehyde or ketone, isocyanide, and a nucleophile to afford ?-substitute carboxamide derivatives† [17]. ... The carboxylic acid is then added together with the imino carbon; acyl transfer rearranges the resulting acylated isoamide, leading to the creation of the desired product [17]. The benefits of the Ugi reaction are numerous. The Ugi reaction is believed to be the most convenient instrument for generating diverse libraries of chemical compounds [8; 9]. That the reaction occurs at room temperature also means that the reaction is relatively simply and cost-effective: it does not require using artificial additions and can be easily held without complex temperature-regulating mechanisms [9]. The Ugi reaction is extremely advantageous for generating pharmacologically active compounds and diverse molecules [9]. For example, it was extensively used to synthesize anti-malarial agents [9]. Most, if not all, Ugi reaction products tend to precipitate in pure form [9; 15; 21]. This is extremely important for the success of other chemical processes, as long as compound mixtures obtained during the Ugi reaction do not require costly purification prior to being used in other chemical procedures [6; 27]. For example, the Ugi reaction does not require the use of costly chromatography and, consequentially, reduces the costs of the process and the final product. Eventually, almost all compounds obtained during the Ugi reaction are quantifiable [6; 38]. No information about potential drawbacks of the Ugi reaction has been available so far. The current state of literature provides extensive information about the Ugi reaction and its practical applications. This is mostly because the Ugi reaction is gradually turning into the key element of chemical research and analysis, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. More and more chemical compounds are

Differences Between Qualitative And Quantitative Research English Language Essay

Differences Between Qualitative And Quantitative Research English Language Essay The aim of the dissertation is to examine the strategies construction professionals are adopting to survive the economic slowdown, particularly by seeking work overseas. At present construction professionals are forced to flee Ireland in order to survive this recession. This dissertation will examine the difficulties and challenges facing these construction professionals moving abroad and how they adapt to working in these foreign countries. The following report was undertaken in order to understand the processes involved with data collection and how to go about it in order to carry out the dissertation. The different types of data collection are explored and their advantages and disadvantages taken into account. This is attained through the critical analysis of qualitative and quantitative research, the different methods of data collection and the feasibility of each method. The positive and negative aspects of these research studies are explored to ascertain the benefits each would have in relation to the dissertation. For the benefit of this project and the chosen dissertation topic, I have chosen to research questionnaires, interviews and case studies. Quantitative Research Quantitative research sources hard and reliable facts on a topic area. Quantitative research is an injury into a social or human problem, based on testing a hypothesis or a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analysed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the hypothesis or the theory hold true . (Naoum, 1998 p38) Qualitative Research Qualitative research sources opinions and perceptions on a topic area. Qualitative research†¦..it emphasiss meanings, experiences (often verbally described), description and so on. (Naoum, 1998, p40) Quantitative versus Qualitative Research Quantitative research is used when finding out the facts of a concept, for example a question or an attribute. This research method is also used when collecting factual evidence. A study can then be made on the relationship of these facts in order to test a particular theory or hypothesis. Qualitative research is subjective in nature. In other words it has an emphasis on meanings, experiences and descriptions. Information collected in qualitative research can be either i) exploratory or ii) attitudinal. i) Exploratory Research This is used when the researcher has a limited knowledge of the topic. An example of exploratory research is the interview technique. The purpose of this type of research is the need for a clear and precise statement of the recognised problem. Exploratory research may be conducted for three interrelated reasons; diagnosing a situation, screening alternatives or to discover new ideas. Data provided is the words of those interviewed and what they have exactly said or a description of what has been observed. Examples of questions used in an exploratory search may be; Questions with the words What or How. Non-directional worded questions. Open ended questions. Questions that may evolve during the study. ii) Attitudinal Research Attitudinal research is used to subjectively evaluate the opinion, view or perception of a person towards a particular object. Opinion and views can be evaluated for the benefit of this study by using subjective questions like; Do you think moving abroad to seek employment is the key to survival? Please indicate which of the following is most important to ensure maximum motivation in workers†¦. Questions ending in please express your level of agreement. There is no correct or incorrect answer to these questions as they all require an individual opinion. In a quantitative study, the hypothesis is best understood when applied in a theoretical framework. A theory is used deductively and is placed at the beginning of a study. The objective is to then collect data and test it. The result of this data will then reflect on whether the theory was confirmed or unconfirmed. In qualitative research the use of theory is less clear because there is no standard rule of placement. The placement of theory will not be placed at the beginning of the study but closer to the end. A theory may emerge during the data collection or be used late in the research process as a basis for comparison with another theory. Quantitative and qualitative research can be compared using the analogy that quantitative research is taking into account the shape or design of an object where as qualitative research is living and feeling this object. Qualitative Advantages Provides depth and detail, looking deeper than analysing ranks and counts by recording attitudes, feelings and behaviours. Creates openness as it  encourages people to expand on their responses and can open up new topic areas not initially considered. Disadvantages Usually fewer people are studied as the collection of qualitative data is generally more time consuming than quantitative data collection. Because fewer people are generally studied it is not possible to generalise results to that of the population. Usually exact numbers are reported rather than percentages. It is difficult to make systematic comparisons for example, if people give widely differing responses that are highly subjective. Quantitative Advantages Allows for a broader study, involving a greater number of subjects, and enhancing the generalisation of the results. Can allow for greater objectivity and accuracy of results. Using standards means that the research can be replicated, and then analysed and compared with similar studies. Personal bias can be avoided by researchers keeping a distance from participating subjects and employing subjects unknown to them Disadvantages Collect a much narrower and sometimes superficial dataset Results are limited as they provide numerical descriptions rather than detailed narrative and generally provide less elaborate accounts of human perception The research is often carried out in an unnatural, artificial environment so that a level of control can be applied to the exercise. This level of control might not normally be in place in the real world yielding laboratory results as opposed to real world results In addition preset answers will not necessarily reflect how people really feel about a subject and in some cases might just be the closest match. The development of standard questions by researchers can lead to structural bias and false representation, where the data actually reflects the view of them instead of the participating subject. Both qualitative and quantitative research will be relevant to the authors dissertation. This will be displayed through the use of both factual evidence obtained from publications and further literature and also through interviewing those who have fled Ireland to seek work overseas. Analysis of Different Methods of Data Collection The approach one should adopt when conducting data collection should depend on the nature of the case study and the type of data and information that is required and available at that time. There are many approaches available to study however many require long periods of time and emphasise detailed evidence. There are two main sources of information: i) Primary Data ii) Secondary Data Primary Primary literature is the most accurate source of information as it publishes original research. (Naoum, 1998, p19) The primary data can be collected from past case studies, questionnaires, formal interviews and reports. Secondary Secondary literature sources are these that cite from primary sources such as textbooks, and newspaper articles. (Naoum, 1998, p22) The secondary data can be collected from textbooks, construction magazines and newspaper articles. Fieldwork Research Fieldwork research refers to the methods of primary data collection used by the researcher. Three practical approaches to Fieldwork are; i) The survey approach. ii) The case study approach. iii) The problem solving approach. For the benefit of the Authors dissertation we will now explore The Case Study, Interview and Questionnaire Approach as this holds the most relevance to the dissertation topic. Both the positive and negative aspects of each data collection method will be studied to ascertain the feasibility and benefits of the approach in relation to the final year dissertation. The Case Study Approach Case studies are used when the researcher intends to support the argument by an in depth analysis of a person, a group of persons, an organisation or a particular project. As the nature of a case study focuses on one aspect of a problem, the conclusion drawn will not be generalised but actually related to on particular event. Although the case study will only focus on one aspect of a theory, it will provide an in depth analysis on it. There are three types of case study designs; The descriptive case study. This is the concept of counting applied to a detailed case. The analytical case study. This is the concept of association and relationship applied to a detailed case. Analytical research means that an element that causes, affects or has an influence on another element has been identified. The element that does the causing is called an independent variable. The element whish is acted upon therefore, is called the dependant variable. The explanatory case study. This entails a theoretical approach to the problem. Linkages among the objects are shown. It also suggests that a single cause can have a specific effect. For example, the researcher collects facts and studies the relationship of one set of facts to another with the hope of finding a relationship between them. Case studies can be complimented by surveys carried out on situations where, how or why questions can be answered by a survey and/or a case study. Using these two approaches in correlation with each other will ensure maximum data is collected and examined more thoroughly. Rational A case study would be particularly relevant to the chosen dissertation. In order to carry out a case study for the dissertation, the author hopes to approach an Irish Company who has been forced to move abroad to analyse their current situation. Using a case study as the primary data collection method would be effective due to its examination of factual information. Questionnaire Method The questionnaire is one of the most widely used data collection techniques used for conducting surveys. It is most suited to a survey whose purpose is clear enough without elaborate explanation. The questionnaire is used for analytical and descriptive surveys in order to find out facts, opinions and views on the current affair in question. There are many advantages and disadvantages, aspects of both are listed below; Advantages: Economy; a questionnaire is an economical way to assembling as much information as possible in terms of finance, human and other resources as you are relaying the questions free of charge to someone in the know. Speed; questionnaires are a fast method of conducting surveys. However, time must be allowed for late returns. Consultation; when questionnaires are posted in advance of the interview, the person being interviewed has the opportunity to avail of information needed which they may not have been aware of previously without checking, in order to give an accurate response. Disadvantages: Must contain simple question; simple questions that are straight forward are necessary to follow easy instructions and definitions. Faults such as ambiguity and vagueness are common. Inflexible technique; mailing questionnaires to companies does not allow the opportunity for probing. All answers must be accepted as final and the opportunity to clarify ambiguity is lost. Accuracy; companies are likely to answer questions according to their public profile rather than the underlying corporate reality. No control over respondents; when posting a questionnaire there is no guarantee that the intended person completes the questionnaire. Rational Although there are many draw backs when using this method of data collection, there are also many positive aspects that it can contribute to the authors dissertation. For example, each questionnaire completed will be unique in both questions and answers. As a result of this, each questionnaire will be tailored made with an individuality in answers, which will help obtain maximum data with minimum effort. The Interview Approach The interview technique is a major method used to collect factual information as well as opinions of those with experience in the area of the chosen topic. It is down to the interviewer to evoke answers that are pertinent to the research hypothesis. The questions and their sequence wording define the structure of the interview. Interviews are suitable when; You know enough about your interviewee so the appropriate questions are asked in a suitable manner. Interpersonal contact is essential to explain and describe the questions. When the research requires an explanation as why the respondents are answering or feeling the way they do, i.e. the answer requires more than a yes/no/agree/disagree answer. There are many types of interviews, for example; formal/informal, inflexible/flexible, standardised and un-standardised, controlled and uncontrolled however the three interviews the author will focus on are; Unstructured, Structured and Semi-structured interview. Unstructured Interview This form of interview uses open ended questions. The questions are often pitched at a very general level so that the researcher can see in what direction the interviewee takes things in their response. This type of interview is generally conducted at the start of a case study as it is an exploratory exercise. It is usually conducted with qualitative research methods. There is no set order or wording of questions, there is no schedule and the researcher is not looking for the same information from each person interviewed. On completion of this type of interview, the researcher may have a list of many factors which should be examined through structure interviews and questionnaires. Semi-structured Interviews This is a more formal interview than the structured interview in that there are a number of specific topics around which the interview can be built. Questions will have open and closed ends, but the questions will not be asked in a specific order or to a schedule. In the semi structured interview, the interviewer has a great deal of freedom to probe various areas and to raise specific queries during the course of the interview. This is achieved by beginning the interview using indirect questions in order to build up a rapport with the respondent, then exploring the specific issues the interviewer has in mind. The task is to discover as much as possible about the specific issues related the subject area. Here are some common characteristics of the semi-structured interview; It takes place with a respondent known to have been involved in a particular experience. It refers to situations that have been analysed prior to the interview. It is focused on the respondents experiences regarding the situations under study. It proceeds on the basis of an interview guide specifying topics related to the research hypothesis. Structured Interview In the structured interview, questions are presented in the same order and with the same wording to all interviewees. The interviewer will have full control on the questionnaire throughout the entire process of the interview. In this technique the questioning may start with open ended questions but will soon move towards a closed question format. There are three assumptions of the structured interview; The respondents have a sufficiently common vocabulary so that it is possible to formulate questions which have the same meaning for each of them. That it is possible to phrase all questions in a form that is equally meaningful to each respondent. Each question and sequence of questions must be identical for each respondent. Therefore the advantages of the structured interview are that i) the answers can be more accurate, ii) The response rate is relatively high and iii) the answers can be explored with finding out why the particular answers are given. Rational The clear advantages that the interview technique has in relation to the dissertation is that the interviewer has a chance to listen to construction professional individual opinions, how the economy has affected them and their business and how it has changed their lifestyle by moving to a foreign country. This in depth analysis of answers from a broad range of respondents allows the researcher to gain a large volume of knowledge from many different perspectives. As the dissertation focuses on construction professional oversees, the author will carry out tele-conference interviews to gain an insight on how these professionals are adapting to working in foreign countries. Desk Study Research Desk study research refers to the methods of primary data collection used by the researcher.  It involves gathering data that already exists either from publications of governmental and non-governmental institutions, free access data on the internet, in professional newspapers and magazines, in annual reports of companies and commercial databases. In many projects, carrying out an initial desk research stage is strongly recommended for the dissertation to gain background knowledge to the topic. Proposed Research Sample The author intends to review previous case studies in relation to Irish construction companies relocating abroad. This is vital for the purpose of the dissertation in order to analyse how the companies are now doing, to determine the problems they have faced and to determine the differences from working in Ireland to working abroad. Below is an article which outlines the issues an Irish construction company may encounter when moving oversees. http://www.engineersireland.ie/media/engineersireland/cpd/successstories/Punch%20and%20Partners%20explore%20overseas%20markets%20through%20CPD.pdf Conclusion The author has explained the differences between qualitative and quantitative research and these methods will be used for carrying out the dissertation. The author also outlined the various types of data research methods and came to the conclusion that fieldwork research (case studies, tele-conference interviews, questionnaires and surveys) and desk study research (textbooks and construction magazines) are the methods that will be adopted for the dissertation. This will be the most effective way in producing a well structured and detailed dissertation.

Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyces The

Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyce's The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Although Joyce rejected Catholic beliefs, the influence of his early training and education is pervasive in his work. The parallels between Biblical text and The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are abundant. As Cranly says to Stephen, "It is a curious thing, do you know, how your mind is supersaturated with the religion in which you say you disbelieve" (232). The novel progresses in a way that seems Biblical in nature; thematically it compares with the creation and fall of man and/or Lucifer. In addition, the style is at times similar to Biblical text, using familiar rhythm, repetition, phrasing and imagery. As with the Bible, Joyce begins his novel with the importance of the word. He then relates sensual impressions, as if a newly formed creature were experiencing the physical world. Then, as the center of his universe, Stephen also learns the meaning of words and the power of words. He is like Adam bringing order to things by giving them names. But Stephen's knowledge comes not only from the material world, he learns through a sudden-knowing, similar to spiritual understanding, a process Joyce calls intuitive or epiphany. His thirst for knowledge both intellectual and sensual brings him in conflict with his father (Jesuit and heavenly). He falls from grace and experiences hell (through the power of word and his very vivid imagination). Because of his terror of hell he responds at first with repentance, but after reflection, with defiance. At the end of the novel he leaves his homeland, his place of origin, and prepares to begin a new life in a new land. THE WORD In the beginning was the word. Throu... ...because of what has happened to him, but because of his response to those events. He was not the only young Irish boy to have a self-sacrificing saintly mother and an irresponsible drunkard father. He was one of hundreds if not thousands of boys to be indoctrinated and trained by the Jesuits. What made him different was his response and that response was unique to him, and that uniqueness was born in him. So, the ultimate conclusion of the novel is that the artist is born, not made by human ways, but created by the powers of nature and/or God. Works Cited: Joyce, James. The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: The Viking Press, Inc., 1958. Joyce, Stanislaus. My Brother's Keeper James Joyce's Early Years. New York: The Viking Press, 1993. Levin, Harry. James Joyce, A Critical Introduction. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1960. Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyce's The Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyce's The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Although Joyce rejected Catholic beliefs, the influence of his early training and education is pervasive in his work. The parallels between Biblical text and The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are abundant. As Cranly says to Stephen, "It is a curious thing, do you know, how your mind is supersaturated with the religion in which you say you disbelieve" (232). The novel progresses in a way that seems Biblical in nature; thematically it compares with the creation and fall of man and/or Lucifer. In addition, the style is at times similar to Biblical text, using familiar rhythm, repetition, phrasing and imagery. As with the Bible, Joyce begins his novel with the importance of the word. He then relates sensual impressions, as if a newly formed creature were experiencing the physical world. Then, as the center of his universe, Stephen also learns the meaning of words and the power of words. He is like Adam bringing order to things by giving them names. But Stephen's knowledge comes not only from the material world, he learns through a sudden-knowing, similar to spiritual understanding, a process Joyce calls intuitive or epiphany. His thirst for knowledge both intellectual and sensual brings him in conflict with his father (Jesuit and heavenly). He falls from grace and experiences hell (through the power of word and his very vivid imagination). Because of his terror of hell he responds at first with repentance, but after reflection, with defiance. At the end of the novel he leaves his homeland, his place of origin, and prepares to begin a new life in a new land. THE WORD In the beginning was the word. Throu... ...because of what has happened to him, but because of his response to those events. He was not the only young Irish boy to have a self-sacrificing saintly mother and an irresponsible drunkard father. He was one of hundreds if not thousands of boys to be indoctrinated and trained by the Jesuits. What made him different was his response and that response was unique to him, and that uniqueness was born in him. So, the ultimate conclusion of the novel is that the artist is born, not made by human ways, but created by the powers of nature and/or God. Works Cited: Joyce, James. The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: The Viking Press, Inc., 1958. Joyce, Stanislaus. My Brother's Keeper James Joyce's Early Years. New York: The Viking Press, 1993. Levin, Harry. James Joyce, A Critical Introduction. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1960.

Hope for the Flowers Essay

’’Hope for the flowers’’ is a book that I found at a friend’s place. This book was part of a course on entrepreneurship that he underwent at business school. Hardbound with bright coloured cover and inside pages, the book looks like one created for kindergarten kids. Something that prompted me to give him a quizzical look. His reply was very simple – ’’Just read it’’. I was still sceptical, but considering the fact that the course itself was taken by a pretty successful entrepreneur I gave it the benefit of doubt – after all it was hardly 15 minutes worth of reading and – aren’t we all just kids in adult make up It is the story of two caterpillars – the not so good looking, strong, ambitious, go getting, very male Stripe and the more beautiful, intuitive, perceptive, lovely Yellow. How do I know that she is lovely? – its the illustrations silly. Like all caterpillars do, Stripe bursts out of his tiny egg to come out into a bright and sunny world. He is hungry and wastes no time to begin eating the leaf that he was born on. And then another and another and another until he feels ’’that there must be more to life than just eating and getting bigger’’. Stripe then goes on a ’’fascinating discovery of life’’ that leads him to what he believes is the way to the TOP.It is not an easy path, one must ’’push, shove and trample to go up’’ and it is in this path upwards that he meet Yellow. Yellow is already on the way up. She has convinced herself that it is the only way up, until she meets stripe. And destiny which brings them together also takes them apart. Yellow strikes out on her own, because she is sure there must be some other better way to reach the top. She does not know what that path is and goes on simple faith, building a dark cocoon around herself in the impossible hope that she could be a butterfly. As her guide says ’’It’s what you are meant to become. It flies with beautiful wings and joins the earth to heaven. It drinks only nectar from the flowers and carries the seeds of love from one flower to another. Without butterflies, the world would have fewer flowers.’’ As I read the story the one thing that struck me was the manner in which the author almost perfectly recreated corporate life in the metaphor of a caterpillar’s life. As it turned out I was wrong. This book was NOT written with corporate in mind. It was the outcome of someone ’’sharing comfort with a friend who had just experienced death of someone close’’. Yet it had lent itself so beautifully to the purpose it was assigned (as course material in a business school) and to the imagination of its reader (myself). What is it that makes it so? What is it that makes stripe and yellow ’’fly around the world carrying hope for the flowers and millions of people’’ for more than 25 years now? Is it the universal message that it tries to get across? Is it the simple narrative that is so very accessible? Is it the wonderfully illustrated copy? Is it that rare sometime when everything falls in its right place? I don’t know. What I do know is that you owe it to yourself to take 15 minutes of your time and read it. after all – it is in your destiny that you spread your wings and fly, not crawl, trample, push, kick and climb.

Quiz Computer Forensic & Investigation Essay

Hanley Strappman, 37, was trying to learn about the Computer and Digital Forensics program at Champlain College. He was able to obtain some files, which he put on a floppy disk. To disguise his espionage, he decided to smuggle the floppy back home after altering the files so that they couldn’t be read using the ordinary DOS/Windows file manager. His deception was discovered, however, and the floppy has been recovered. Some of your counterparts have already tried to examine the disk to no avail. Upon discussions with Hanley, he has boasted that there are three files on the disk but that â€Å"You’ll never know what I got!!† You are being provided with a forensically true and accurate copy of Hanley’s floppy disk. You are asked to examine the floppy disk and provide answers to a few questions about the integrity of the data that was recovered (in terms of maintaining the evidentiary chain), the recovery of certain information, and any actions that the suspect may have taken to intentionally delete, hide and/or alter data on the floppy disk. Good Luck! Using the software tools provided to you in class, audit the disk and conduct a full analysis of any artifacts found on the media. The following questions must be completed in the time allotted: The Questions 1. What is the name and address of the person to whom Hanley wrote a letter? Dr. John Watson 8295 Martha Lane Los Alamitos, CA 90720 2. Who is in the picture that Hanley obtained? Lewis Carroll, Edith, Lorina and Alice Lidell 3. What is the information that Hanley supplied in a password-protected form? A file named â€Å"curriculum† in Microsoft Excel format. 4. What are the names of the files on the floppy? Each was hidden or obscured in a different way; indicate how you found the files and how you recovered the information. The file name is cc_stuff.exe Change the format to the .zip format and enter the password to get the information 5. Where did you find the password? By using PRTK software, inside the evidence image at the pwd

Free Essays on Lifes Sanctity. An Analysis Of “Put Me Out Of My Misery, Shoot Me!“ On Euthanasia

Life’s Sanctity â€Å"Do you know what it’s like to be unable to scratch an itch or pull up a blanket? Do you know the horror of ‘living’ with no sensory stimulation other than torturous pain for days upon days, weeks upon weeks, months upon months and years upon years† (Larsen 77)? In â€Å"Put Me Out of My Misery, Shoot Me!† by Ron A. Larsen, there is a very clear message supporting the need for legalized euthanasia. Larsen tries to convince the reader to support assisted suicide by using very explicit details in describing the suffering the old woman is experiencing. He is clearly a supporter of active euthanasia, where an overt effort is made to bring about death, such as administering a lethal injection. â€Å"Push a needle into my veins; press a pillow to my face; put a bullet to my head-as an act of love† (Larsen 78). To make an active effort to put a person out of misery is very controversial, although I agree completely in the patienceâ€⠄¢s or patience guardian’s right to deny any medical treatment. Proponents for euthanasia justify their case on the three moral principles of mercy, autonomy, and justice (Battin 18). Opponents contend that life is too precious for anyone to end it. They also claim that euthanasia would lead to devaluation of human life, because it would force medical professionals and patients’ families to judge the worth of other lives. However, isn’t forcing hopelessly ill patients to continue their suffering and total dependence on others a devaluation of human life? â€Å"And please do not speak to me of the sanctity of life, for this is not life† (Larsen 77). Larsen clearly thinks so. â€Å"For decades I was a beautiful woman-vibrant, charming, athletic, and sexy. Men stared and whistled at me on the street from my teens until I was past sixty. They wanted to mate with me, to possess me† (Larsen 76). Larsen makes us merciful by opening our eyes to the possibility that it m... Free Essays on Lifes Sanctity. An Analysis Of â€Å"Put Me Out Of My Misery, Shoot Me!â€Å" On Euthanasia Free Essays on Lifes Sanctity. An Analysis Of â€Å"Put Me Out Of My Misery, Shoot Me!â€Å" On Euthanasia Life’s Sanctity â€Å"Do you know what it’s like to be unable to scratch an itch or pull up a blanket? Do you know the horror of ‘living’ with no sensory stimulation other than torturous pain for days upon days, weeks upon weeks, months upon months and years upon years† (Larsen 77)? In â€Å"Put Me Out of My Misery, Shoot Me!† by Ron A. Larsen, there is a very clear message supporting the need for legalized euthanasia. Larsen tries to convince the reader to support assisted suicide by using very explicit details in describing the suffering the old woman is experiencing. He is clearly a supporter of active euthanasia, where an overt effort is made to bring about death, such as administering a lethal injection. â€Å"Push a needle into my veins; press a pillow to my face; put a bullet to my head-as an act of love† (Larsen 78). To make an active effort to put a person out of misery is very controversial, although I agree completely in the patienceâ€⠄¢s or patience guardian’s right to deny any medical treatment. Proponents for euthanasia justify their case on the three moral principles of mercy, autonomy, and justice (Battin 18). Opponents contend that life is too precious for anyone to end it. They also claim that euthanasia would lead to devaluation of human life, because it would force medical professionals and patients’ families to judge the worth of other lives. However, isn’t forcing hopelessly ill patients to continue their suffering and total dependence on others a devaluation of human life? â€Å"And please do not speak to me of the sanctity of life, for this is not life† (Larsen 77). Larsen clearly thinks so. â€Å"For decades I was a beautiful woman-vibrant, charming, athletic, and sexy. Men stared and whistled at me on the street from my teens until I was past sixty. They wanted to mate with me, to possess me† (Larsen 76). Larsen makes us merciful by opening our eyes to the possibility that it m...

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children essays

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children essays The Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children Until rather recently, the impact of alcoholism was measured by its effect on the alcoholic, by days lost from work and highway fatalities. New research, however, has tended to concentrate on the impact of alcoholism on the family, especially the children of alcoholics. Numerous studies have reported on the familial transmission of alcoholism. It has been shown that alcoholics have more biological relatives with an alcohol problem than do nonalcoholic. Furthermore, these people have a higher probability for developing alcoholism earlier in their lives; and experiencing more severe effects of alcoholism There are in the vicinity of twenty million children under eighteen years of age whom are growing up in households where one or both parents are alcoholic, in the United States alone. These children are the unwilling victims of a disease which generally is the center of their childhood existence, and therefore shapes their personality and behavior as adults. Because of the familial nature of alcoholism children have been identified to be of high risk for developing this illness (Merikangas p.199). Unless something is done to break the patterns initiated during childhood, a significant percentage, (between 50%-60%), of those who dont become alcoholics themselves will marry an alcoholic upon reaching maturity, thereby continuing the cycle of abuse and depression. Studies of the development of drinking behavior recognize the formation of socially appropriate rules about the use of alcohol and the role of the parent behaviors and attitudes in determining drinking patterns (Wilks Clustering of depression, alcoholism and antisocial personality within families has been frequently observed (Merikangas p.199). Alcoholism is a disease of denial, that is, t...

Well, we know its big - Emphasis

Well, we know its big Well, we know its big David Cameron has referred to it as his mission and his passion, but it does seem that very few people are entirely sure what the Big Society is actually all about. This isnt too surprising when even those well and truly behind the idea are not helping matters. Phillip Blond, director of the think tank ResPublica, and according to the Telegraph a driving force behind David Camerons Big Society agenda, has argued the case for the policy in the Independent. He guides the people thus: Public sector mutualisation and budgetary takeover by citizens of the state is a crucial initial phase in endowing ordinary citizens with the power to ensure that the services they run are operated in a way that combines public interest with economic efficiency and localised employee ownership building in all the gains that this model delivers. Writing this convoluted and opaque will do very little to clarify the concept for the ordinary citizens it claims to want to empower. In relation to this, one letter to the Independent quoted Nobel prize-winner Peter Medawar: People who write obscurely are either unskilled in writing or up to mischief. The writer then commented: I dont think Mr Blond is unskilled in writing. If Cameron and co. are to defend the Big Society as more than (as some rumours have it) a slightly sinister cover for the cuts, they need to put away the thesaurus and use considerably fewer big words.

Theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theme - Essay Example The immigrant experience is marked by the narrator of the last section who notes that life is smooth, though challenging. According to Lila’s parents, the movement to America presents them an opportunity for wealth which they would have not obtained in India. Nonetheless, Mrs. Sen flat-out refuses to assimilate due to her incapability to live without Indian life. In this scenario, marriage is an opportunity for happiness but also secrets and mysteries. Twinkle and Sanjeev have no arrangement in their marriage even though they are born in America. Despite of being together in marriage, each individual maintains  self feelings. Sanjeev is uncertain of love for his wife because of the disconnection. The toll of the child’s death moves Shukumar and Shoba’s marriage radically2. The two are no longer the same people as they met due to death and their attitudes are altered by the death. Hence, each romantic instance poses as a unique aspect in its own way. The author highlights the essence of communication. The author highlights the effect of secrecy in marriage and entails numerous feelings that can attribute to break up. For 3instance, Shukumar and Shoba got deprived of their own grief and halted communication with each other. The two have gained mistrust and can hardly believe that their union is still valid. The blackout enables Shukumar and Shoba to communicate the secrets, which they have never shared to each other. There is evident highlight of parent and child relations. The children’s relations change with their parents as they grow due to understanding they develop. There is an automatic truth between Eliot and the mother. Eliot is certain of his mother’s distress and his powerlessness over the situation. In contrast, the narrator nurses his mother when she becomes ill. Lilia, Eliot, and Rohin all recognize the grownups grief and offer high-level surveillance on the form of love and

Discuss the case in favour of and against immigration control Essay

Discuss the case in favour of and against immigration control - Essay Example For example, after the Europeans discovered America, many of the people from the continent came to settle in the new land. The reasons for the immigration were to explore economic opportunities and to spread the religion of Christianity. (Smith, June, 2006). In the modern world, the subject of immigration has asserted itself as a grave problem as a result of the cross border infiltration. Immigration has many consequences for the immigrants and the immigrating country. This results in the increase of population in the country, which pressurize the economic condition of the country. Most of the immigrants are left jobless which pressurizes them to take the path of crime. For example, in the USA, due to the immigration of the Mexicans, the percentage of crime has increased manifold in the society. The immigrants are considered as outsiders in the country and there have been instances where they were ill treated. The immigrants can take away jobs in the country, which would have been th e domain of the citizens. The example of USA can be taken in this regard where The Chinese and the Indian immigrants occupy important positions in the corporate world. Therefore, it can be said that there are various ill effects of immigration. (Perkowski, 12th July, 1903). Therefore, countries who are most affected by the problem of immigration have devised various control measures to eradicate the problem. Immigration is the movement of the people of a country to another country where he does not belong by nationality or origin. The control measures put in by the Government and the statutory bodies in the countries look to limit the volume of the immigrants in the country. Laws have passed in various countries for limiting the volume of immigration. The control of immigration means functions performed under this Act to limit the flow of the immigrants in these countries. (Immigration, 2003) The immigration control has become one of the main functions of the

Corporate strategy and its integrated nature. Volkswagen case Essay

Corporate strategy and its integrated nature. Volkswagen case - Essay Example This report will discuss as to what is a successful business strategy by discussing the key dimensions of the business and discussing the same with respect to the Volkswagen group.Corporate strategy is an integrated process as it requires a collaborative effort at the organization-wide level to ensure that the overall objectives of the organisation are achievedIntegrated nature of the strategy outlines that the different organizational resources are combined together to execute the corporate level strategy and achieve the strategic objectives of the firm. It’s also because of this reason that strategy as a process is considered as an iterative process where the firms keep on adjusting and changing their strategies in order to successfully negotiate with their external environment. Strategy therefore outlines as to how the firm, by utilizing its internal strengths can take up the opportunities offered by the external environment while at the same time negotiating with the threa ts faced. There are four key dimensions of any business strategy involving the strategy formulation under which organizations actually formulate the strategy, the analysis dimension under which the firms perform the strategic analysis before any strategic option is chose, choosing the right strategy and finally implementing the same. These four key dimensions of a well developed business strategy therefore require a collaborative and integrated approach to make a business strategy successful. It is through all these key dimensions that a firm reaches at a point where it can achieve its organizational objectives. This report will discuss as to what is a successful business strategy by discussing the key dimensions of the business and discussing the same with respect to the Volkswagen group. Corporate Strategy and its integrated nature Johnson and Scholes define strategy in following manner: â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achiev es advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations".1 The above definition suggests that strategy is the name of setting an overall direction for the firm on long term basis. What is also important to note that it outlines the need for achieving a configuration with the organizational resources while working in an uncertain and challenging external environment to achieve the kind of advantage which can fulfill the expectations developed by the stakeholders? The above definition is quite comprehensive in the sense that it outlines as to how the integration of different elements together can provide the firm the kind of advantage to achieve its objectives. Without setting a direction and configuring it with the organizational resources, it may not be possible for a firm to achieve its organizational goals. Volkswagen Group has set up a strategy of achieving its g rowth through expansion in the emerging markets. It is also aiming to consolidate its position in the existing markets while at the same time achieving the set financial targets to be achieved in medium and short term. A closer analysis of this would suggest that the group is actually aiming to develop a two pronged strategy of consolidating in the existing markets while at the same time achieving the expansion in new markets.2 Evaluating the same in the light of above definition would suggest that the firm’s strategy is clearly focused upon meeting the expectations of its stakeholders by using its traditional advantage in its existing markets while at the same time configuring its resources to gain access to the emerging markets. It is also important to understand that an organization is a collection of different resources which are combined together to achieve the common objectives. For example, a firm’s excellent production system and high quality output may not sel l itself unless it’s backed up by excellent marketing resources. Similarly, despite having the capability to produce high quality products, a firm may not be able to achieve the same if it does not have access to finances. As such strategy is therefore of integrated

North Korea and South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

North Korea and South Korea - Essay Example Communism is a political movement that believes in an economic system in which the state controls the means of producing everything on behalf of the people. It aims to create a society in which everyone is treated equally. On the other hand, democracy is a system of government in which all the people of a country has a right to select their representatives. There is fair and equal treatment of everyone in the nation, and the sovereign are given the right to take part in decision-making. More than the geographic boundary between these two countries, their form government sets them farther apart. The story "Saboteur" by Ha Jin, provided a clear demonstration of how communist laws are working. First of all, Mr. Chiu was caught by the policemen and was called station with for no reason at all. It can be recalled that he was having lunch with his bride before Muji train station. After they ate and were finally leaving, two policemen who sat next table, spilled tea to Mr. Chiu and his bride's direction, so their sandals got wet. However, when Mr.Chiu complained about rudeness of those policemen, they grabbed him and clamped hand cuffs around his wrists. They took Mr. Chiu to police station because Mr.Chiu kept complaining on how unfairly they have treated him. The policemen told him that he was caught because he is a Saboteur, and he disrupted public order. The story illustrated an incident which took place in China, a communist country. He did not do anything to policemen yet they persuaded him and his bride. Besides, guards arrested him and took him to the police station witho ut valid reason. Even though Mr. Chiu complained about it, he was unable to do anything and must suffer the injustice. This situation depicts how a democratic country differs from a communist one. In democratic country like South Korea or America, they cannot arrest people without a valid reason or complaint. The main duty of a policeman is see to it that laws are enforced and that people are restrained from misconduct. However, in a communist country, they have an enormous power backed by their government enabling them to do whatever they want, even if their actions are unjust. The wards of policemen or army are the law themselves. Second, when Mr. Chiu got in the police station, the chief asked him interrogated and ask him to sign on the agreement. The police made up stories involving him in a crime which he did not commit. They knew that he did not do anything, but may be they felt like make him as a criminal. They even forced him to sign an agreement stating made-up stories. In a democratic country, situations like this require proper procedures. The suspects have the right to call their own lawyer and proper hearings will be conducted in order to determine what really happened to come up with the right decision. Laws are used in judgment. In contrast, in a communist country, they do not have the pre-established process of judging a criminal. They are not given the chance to be defended by a lawyer rendering unfair judgment. Even in this story, Mr. Chiu is supposed have his lawyer, but they conducted the processing without his lawyer. It should be noted that the court has not been fair to him. The policemen made up a crime for him and pushed him to submit because there are no laws which can deter them. The military has the supreme power because they are the primary

Dubai is an example of modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Dubai is an example of modernity - Essay Example With the discovery of oil in 1966, coupled with the vision on leadership of His Highness Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Dubai quickly expanded in the latter half of the 20th and early part of the 21st centuries to become one of the world’s foremost tourist destinations with world class hotels, entertainment, shopping, and sporting events. Dubai stands out today as a model in the Middle East for a modern, sophisticated Muslim society, steeped in tradition, but always striding forward with an eye to the future and leading the Middle East and the world in attracting businesses with a world-class cultural and economic base. It has thus become in international city with economic and cultural impact far beyond its borders. Prior to 1833, there was little that existed on the Saudi Arabian peninsula but a finger of desert separating the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. All that existed in this small peninsular area was a creek, which was settled by some 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, led by the Maktoum Family (Government of Dubai). As a natural harbor, the creek allowed the Maktoum Family to utilize its resources for fishing, pearling, and trade. In 1835, Dubai and the rest of the small states in the region signed a â€Å"Perpetual Maritime Truce† with Great Britain, allowing it to come under the protection of the UK. (Dubai City Guide). Unlike its neighbors, Dubai stood out with its welcoming attitude and fostering of trade and commerce, led by the rulers from the founding Maktoum Family. With the vision and leadership of Shaikh Saeed Maktoum, Daubai was encouraged to expand and look forward, toward the future, in an area which had traditionally looked toward the past. In 1892 he signed an exclusive business deal with the British and in 1894 permitted a full tax exemption for foreign traders (SkiDubai). Traders from all over the world descended on Dubai to take advantage of the

International Project Management Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Project Management 2 - Assignment Example The member of these cultures are intrinsically not team players (Pheng and Leong 308). As such, it is incumbent upon project managers to develop the skills necessary for successfully interacting with individuals whose behavioral traits are affected by distinct cultural primacies. In the context of the global marketplace, project managers require efficient communication skills, competent leadership skills, suitable interpersonal skills, adaptability, and technical and functional powers (Pheng and Leong 308). Cross cultural management includes communications, dispute resolutions, organizational and national culture, and negotiations. Culture consists of an intricate whole that is comprised of arts, beliefs, customs, knowledge and morals. It also includes the competencies and customs assimilated by individuals as members of society. Thus, culture denotes a distinctive way of life of a group of people, as a comprehensive motif for existing (Pheng and Leong 307). Asian societies attach considerable importance to human relationships and the avoidance of confrontation. This is in marked contrast to the Americans, who do not deem personal relationships to be of greater significance, whilst conducting business. It is the proclivity of the Americans to swiftly and directly focus upon the subject matter or issue at stake (Pheng and Leong 308). This holds out the possibility of causing personal and public discomfiture to the people of other cultures. Lack of proper communication can develop into major issues. For instance, an American manager had stated that her Chinese staff would not inform her if they failed to understand her. These employees would agree to anything that she said, without having the least idea regarding what she was stating. In another incident, an American manager stated that their firm’s quality engineer was not proficient in English. This

Dubai is an example of modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Dubai is an example of modernity - Essay Example With the discovery of oil in 1966, coupled with the vision on leadership of His Highness Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Dubai quickly expanded in the latter half of the 20th and early part of the 21st centuries to become one of the world’s foremost tourist destinations with world class hotels, entertainment, shopping, and sporting events. Dubai stands out today as a model in the Middle East for a modern, sophisticated Muslim society, steeped in tradition, but always striding forward with an eye to the future and leading the Middle East and the world in attracting businesses with a world-class cultural and economic base. It has thus become in international city with economic and cultural impact far beyond its borders. Prior to 1833, there was little that existed on the Saudi Arabian peninsula but a finger of desert separating the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. All that existed in this small peninsular area was a creek, which was settled by some 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, led by the Maktoum Family (Government of Dubai). As a natural harbor, the creek allowed the Maktoum Family to utilize its resources for fishing, pearling, and trade. In 1835, Dubai and the rest of the small states in the region signed a â€Å"Perpetual Maritime Truce† with Great Britain, allowing it to come under the protection of the UK. (Dubai City Guide). Unlike its neighbors, Dubai stood out with its welcoming attitude and fostering of trade and commerce, led by the rulers from the founding Maktoum Family. With the vision and leadership of Shaikh Saeed Maktoum, Daubai was encouraged to expand and look forward, toward the future, in an area which had traditionally looked toward the past. In 1892 he signed an exclusive business deal with the British and in 1894 permitted a full tax exemption for foreign traders (SkiDubai). Traders from all over the world descended on Dubai to take advantage of the

Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime - Essay Example Expressive crimes (e.g., rape) are committed for the sake of expected pleasure; instrumental crimes (e.g., burglary) mainly for the sake of expected gain. Both often can be deterred by disincentives -- the fear of pain the threat of punishment. To the criminal, the cost of a crime is the risk of punishment. Not what is threatened by the law, but the punishment he risks given his actual chances of being convicted and imprisoned At present the actual punishment is much lower: 6 to 7 days per burglary, roughly 2 years per murder, 6 months per rape, 2 months per robbery; aggravated assault costs 8 to 9 days; car theft 2 to 3 days. These risks still deter many prospective criminals, but are too low to reduce the crime rate. Most people are not aware of how small the actual chance of punishment is; but professional criminals are. It is what makes the career attractive. They know that on average they will serve no more than 40 per cent of their sentence, and that most of them will not serve at all--they are rarely caught. Some people become criminals because small offenses are not dealt with effectively. In our childhood, most humans learn that there are social limits to their natural aggression. While some are inherently more aggressive than others, virtually all humans have a potential for becoming aggressive. This is due to a rich genetic past which favored aggression in early humans. Humans still have the remnants of a reptilian brain that told its host, "kill, eat, reproduce." Family structures and functioning have crucial impacts on socialization, the capacity for symbolic interaction, self-concepts. Families are primary agents of socialization are tempting to consider as direct causal agents of crime. All except a handful of jurisdictions recognize the immediacy of this connection in "contributing to delinquency" statutes, parental liability laws, and a number of other restitution schemes. Many criminological theories (social disorganization, social learning, and especially social control) grant the family causal significance. It has been demonstrated statistically significant causal relationships between family contexts and both juvenile and adult crime. Seven family conditions are considered: parental imprisonment, divorce, stepfamilies, adoption, punitive parenting, incompetent parenting, and single parenting. The first four come primarily from what is called the "broken home". Punitive and incompetent parenting have been taken from the literature on dysfunctional families, which are in fact "functionally broken". Single parenting refers to unwed mothering, either by misfortune or choice, the latter not qualifying as either broken or dysfunctional but deviating from the cultural standard of nuclear family structure. Six behavioral outcomes are considered: property crime, violent crime, mental disorder, alcoholism, drug addiction, and status offenses. Through a combination of bad parenting, institutional failure and the weakness of people they learn to exploit, some children grow up learning they can get away with aggressive actions. When they commit offenses that are serious enough for police, courts and social workers to deal with, it is often too late - a cumulative pattern of successful aggression is already established. Some causes are uncontrollable, for e.g. the age of the population: the more young males, the more

Cycles of Reflection in Nursing

Cycles of Reflection in Nursing Introduction Oelofsen (2012) defines reflective practice as the process in which an individual makes sense of situations, events and actions that occur in the workplace (Natius, 2012). In the light of nursing practice, the concept of reflection plays a critical role by enabling practitioners (nurses) to, competently manage the impactful and precarious nature of care giving (Natius, 2012). According to Keeling and Somerville (2004), reflective practice facilitates the understanding and development of self-awareness, inter-personal skills and also the ability to influence positive change in others (David June, 2004). These skills are key to nurses in mapping out the most appropriate action plans to take in any given situation. Comparative examination of four models of reflection as applied in the context of nursing Gibbs model of reflection is commonly employed in the Health profession because of its clarity and precision (Brock, 2014). It allows for easy description, analysis and evaluation of experiences and thus helps the reflective practitioner (nurse) to, clearly make sense of her experiences as well as examine her nursing practice (Holland Roberts, 2013). Unlike the Gibbs model, the other models, for example, Kolb’s model 1980 and Goodman model 1984 are relatively complex. These models require, to a greater extent, some degree of experience (McKee Eraut, 2012). The Kolb’s reflective model, for instance, is basically hinged on experiential learning that covers four stages (McKee Eraut, 2012). And since experienced nurses have enough experience, they can easily relate to the model and apply it in practice. Model that is best suited for nursing practice John’s model of reflection 1994 is best suited as a tool for the nursing profession. Its structured nature serves as a good platform for a complete assessment of the nursing practice (Rideout, 2001). The questions are excellent cues in prompting particular actions (Driscoll, 2007). This approach is also wholesome in the sense that it explores all the areas of the nursing practice. It examines the practitioner’s experiences, her reflection on the experiences, actions taken by the practitioner and impact of the actions on self (practitioner) and the patient (Mohanna et al., 2011). It also looks at the aspect of the academic sources that may have influenced the decisions made as well as the possible angles to how the situation could have been dealt with differently and how it can be handled in the future (Moon, 2013). Importance of the choice of framework of reflection in encouraging and supporting reflection A desirable framework of reflection is helpful to nurses as it provides a structured process that guides the act of reflecting (Jasper, 2003). The choice of a particular framework of reflection is important because students face different experiences, and so is the need for an appropriate framework to offer the necessary support and encouragement throughout their learning process (Schon, 2008). Critical analysis of all the four models with respect to what is good and bad about them The four models of reflection examined above, all have their strengths and weakness in their application. Below is a table summarizing their strengths and weaknesses. Reflective practice and its use to medical education The ability to reflect plays a critical role in medical education. Reflective practice enables learners in the medical field to clearly understand and develop self-awareness, interpersonal skills and analytical skills (Jack Mezirow, 2011). These skills will come in handy in practice as medical students will be able to handle people (patients) in frontline settings such as a hospital scenario. The importance of students developing a habit of assessing their own learning needs Through self-assessment with regard to learning needs, students are able to constantly identify areas of weakness and improve on them (Earl, 2004). The fact that students are actively engaged in the process serves as a motivation for them and subsequently translates to better outcomes (Bonnie Beyer, 2014). References

Sleepy Hollow Film Review Essay -- essays research papers

‘Sleepy Hollow’ film Review Blood and murder usually go down a treat for the people who love gore but this is not the case in the movie ‘Sleepy Hollow’. Repetition is the key to an ultimately predictable film. Just as in any other film we see a substance with a resemblance to blood fall onto a piece of paper. This tells our minds the movie will have elements of horror. Then two hands, male and female, clasp. A headless horseman then appears decapitating an innocent man on the run in the woods. This all sets the rest of the film as a romantic horror. There is still one element that is left to be seen but not to worry. While the ghoulish headless horseman is out decapitation people Ichabod Crane, a detective from New York, is having a hard time keeping a straight face. The expression of utter disgust as he finds a body in the river is comical enough as it stands. Now as he is sent to Sleepy Hollow (a near by village where the headless horseman lies) to try and get his head around the gruesome decapit ations of the people. His fear of bugs makes him an easy target and often means this film becomes comedy Johnny Depp is the actor who plays Ichabod Crane, the New York detective. When he arrives in the little village Sleepy Hollow he meets the beautiful Katrina Van Tassel. Played by Christina Ricci, Katrina is a local teenager who is starting to really like Ichabod. She wants to protect him; I guess every film needs a beauty. But where’s the beast? Most films nowadays consist of a beast that whenever they show their face on screen frightens the socks off the audience. This is not the case in the film ‘Sleepy Hollow’ seeing as Christopher Walker’s (the actor who plays the headless horseman) head is never shown on screen. Although this film consists mainly of tacky fog and bad graphics, the acting is not to blame. Maybe the fact that the main characters were played by American actors but yet tried to speak with English accents made the film seem very cheap. If you are going to hire American actors to play the main parts don’t try and pass them off as Engl ish actors. Some people might think that by making the entire movie dull, dark, and devoid of colour makes the blood stand out much more. This is true but are you really motivated to watch a movie which starts of in black and white? This movie was aimed at younger people but younger people change the channel when... ...appeared we saw the same murky fog swirl around the screen. Tim Burton turned the short story by Washington Irving from a descriptive bed time story into a fake. To me this movie was pure comedy. Although it was meant to be horror it was comical to count how many times the horseman appeared. Every time he appeared it was the same fog and sounds as the headless horseman took out his sword to kill another victim. The movie seemed to rely on the fact that Johnny Depp is gorgeous. Tim Burton has directed most of my favorite movies. Most of them did not have gorgeous actors in them but they all had a good plot. This movie did not have a good plot. It had things in it that were completely irrelevant to the rest of the film. I did not feel for the characters, the main reason being they were in black and white. This made them seem cold and emotionless. The main character in the film, Ichabod Crane was very squeamish. If this movie was aimed to be semi-serious why have a main character in it who faints at the sight of blood. In my opinion this movie had poor graphics and was very predictable. I did not enjoy it at all and if you know what is good for you you won’t bother to see it either.

Dual Identity Combinators :: Combinatory Logic Math Papers

Dual Identity Combinators Combinatory logic has been invented independently by M. Schà ¶nfinkel and H.B. Curry in the 20s of this century (Cf. Schà ¶nfinkel 1924, Curry 1930.). The impetus was to reduce the number of primitive notions needed for a logical system, in particular, for first-order logic. Schà ¶nfinkel used functions to provide a translation for a closed first-order formula into a functional expression, thereby eliminating bound variables of first-order logic. About the success of this attempt cf. Curry & Feys 1968: beyond this primarily intended connection between first-order logic and (illative) combinatory logic there is another connection between the two, the so called Curry-Howard isomorphism (Curry & Feys 1968, Howard 1980). This relates combinators to implicational formulae. It is just a small step from the Curry-Howard isomorphism to put combinatory bases (which are possibly combinatorially non-complete) into correspondence with logical systems. It is well-known, e.g., that the relevant system R ® corresponds in the above sense to the combinatory base {B, C, W, I}. Of course, such combinatory bases are not unique just as axiomatizations are not unique. For instance, the combinatory base {B’, C, S, I} is equally suitable. (Cf. Dunn 1986.) 1. Dual combinators. Pure combinators operate on left associated sequences of objects. The result of an application of a combinator is a sequence made out of some of the objects on the left (possibly with repetitions) and parentheses scattered across: ( . . . ( ( Q x1 ) . . . ) xn )  º ( xi 1 . . . xi m ) where any xi j (1 £ j  £ m) is xk (1 £ k  £ n) for some k , and the sequence on the right might be associated arbitrarily. The parentheses on the left of the identity are frequently dropped, since left association is taken to be the default. To recall the most familiar combinators as an illustration of the above general statement we have: Sxyz  º xz(yz), Kxy  º x, Ix  º x, Bxyz  º x(yz), Cxyz  º xzy, Wxy  º xyy. Using the combinatory axioms above we can define the notions of one-step reduction (4 1), of reduction (4 ), and of weak equality (=w) as usual. (For an introduction to combinatory logic see e.g., Hindley & Seldin 1986.) In case where one is interested in a combinatory base which is not combinatorially complete it might be useful to emphasize that the above notions are restricted to the particular combinatory base.

Analysis Of Wood Waste At Attwood Bay Environmental Sciences Essay

After reexamining the ROV and SCUBA transect informations, it is clear that there have been important impacts to the Marine environment caused by the lacrimation of wood at Attwood Bay. This was evidenced by the comparative volumes and distributions of wood waste nowadays on the ocean floor during the 2006 and 2009 site studies. Datas collected from the 2006 ROV and 2009 SCUBA site studies indicated that the sum of wood waste accumulated at this site has increased since the initial site visit. A greater proportion of the substrate was seeable during the 2006 study as compared to the 2009 picture footage where much of the substrate was wholly covered with wood waste and accordingly its composing could non be determined. This site exhibited low species diverseness and copiousness, in 2006 and 2009 as compared with unimpacted sites. It is good documented that accretions of bark and other woody dust on the ocean floor negatively impacts benthal infaunal and epifaunal diverseness and copiousness ( Kirkpatrick et.al 1998, Pease, 1974, Conlan, K.E. and Ellis, D.V. , 1979. and Jackson, R.G. 1986 ) . Wood waste negatively impacts benthal communities as it is known to leach potentially toxic organic compounds into the H2O, has a high biological O demand and can surround benthal ( peculiarly infaunal ) communities ( Pe ase, 1974 ) . The exact nature and impacts of wood waste leachates is non to the full understood, nevertheless these lignin-based substances are known to precipitate out in sea H2O, and believed to settle on and negatively impact benthal home grounds ( Duval, 1980 ) . Areas of bark accretion have been found to hold a higher biological O demand than environing deposits whereby take downing the dissolved O content of the superimposed H2O ( Pease, 1974 and Picard, 2002 ) . Many benthal invertebrates ( peculiarly infaunal ) are unable to last in anoxic conditions and therefore are good indexs of alterations in benthal home ground conditions ( Pease, 1974 and Samis et.al. , 1999 ) . Additionally, wood waste that accumulates on the ocean floor clutters benthic infaunal marine life ( peculiarly pelecypods ) whereby cut downing the populations of quarry species available to larger benthal marauders such as pediculosis pubiss etc. ( Picard, 2003 ) . The deficiency of pelecypods and other seeable infaunal beings ( with the exclusion of tube-dwelling windflowers ) at this site is to be expected given the sum of wood waste screen. A uninterrupted bed of wood waste hinders the colony and enlisting of many benthal beings and can cut down critical shoal nearshore habitat utilised for rise uping juveniles. ( Samis et.al,1999 ) . Many of the species observed in the study pictures were known to be more resilient to wood dust, viz. sea Cucumis sativuss ( Parastichopus californicus ) , assorted sea stars ( viz. Pycnopodia helianthoides ) , brickle stars ( Ophiuoroidea ) and assorted fish species ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . These species are motile and are hence less easy smo thered by wood waste accretions and are by and large suspension feeders ( brickle stars ) or detritivores and hence do non trust on a healthy infaunal community for nutrient. It is believed that sea cucumbers ( Parastichopus californicus ) provender on the abundant bug populations populating the bed of wood waste, and Sun stars are general marauders known to feed on sea Cucumis sativuss ( University of Michigan Museum of Biology, 2009 ) . As good, the high frequence of ascertained elephantine swimming sea slug ( Dendronotus flag ) was sensible given that they feed on the tentacles of the tubing brooding windflower ( Pachycerianthus fimbriatus ) and layer their eggs on the tubing. Overall the species copiousness and diverseness at this site was significantly less than comparable home grounds non impacted by logging activities. Reduced available O, coupled with potentially toxic leachates and the surrounding consequence of thick dust screen explains why a decrease in species diversene ss and population complexness is observed in countries where water-based logging has occurred, including the Attwood Bay log shit site. Past site appraisals conducted for BCTS have shown that deep-water home grounds are by and large the most to a great extent impacted by accretions of bark and other woody dust. Attwood is no exclusion, despite the fact that the shit is comparatively shallow, the impacts of wood waste have still been found to increase with depth ( Figure 5 ) . Severe impacts were found throughout the site get downing between -4 to -6m deepness and go oning beyond the furthest extent of the SCUBA transects. Datas collected from the ROV study showed these impacts widening to ( and probably beyond ) -50m deepness. Based on these observations, and observations at similar log shit sites where impacts to habitat addition with deepness, it is expected that terrible impacts at this site besides continue into deeper H2O. Although unimpacted deep-water home grounds frequently exhibit lower species diverseness and copiousnesss than shallow-water home grounds due to cut down light incursion and primary productive ness ; the species copiousness in deeper countries at this site is still less than one would anticipate to happen in countries which have non been impacted by wood lacrimation activities. Wood waste is transported in the Marine environment by moving ridges, air current and currents and frequently deposited in deep H2O countries ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . Conveyance of woody dust to deeper countries expands the impact country from shallower to deeper H2O. This site is non known to see important current flow and hence reduced current and tidal flushing in deeper countries has resulted in the accretion of beds of wood waste making a smothering cover over the sea floor. The slow dislocation of this deposited wood waste is besides expected to hold increased anoxic conditions for benthal beings, cut downing species diverseness and copiousness. Picard et Al. identified that impacts of wood waste can last many decennaries and even centuries ( 2003 ) . The possible exists for the deep H2O home ground impacts observed in Attwood Bay to be long permanent as these terrible impacts were observed even in 2006 after 7 old ages of inaction at the site ( Price, 2007 ) . Pulling decisions on whether or non a site is showing marks of recovery is a cardinal outlook of the appraisal procedure. While this piece of information is built-in towards decision-making, & A ; acirc ; ˆ?recovery & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ has yet to be defined due to the limited sum of scientific information available. At present, the criterion technique for log shit appraisals incorporates merely the aggregation of macro-epifaunal information ( i.e. SCUBA and ROV picture footage and still snap ) . While this information has the ability to talk to the more obvious alterations in home ground and recovery, in the absence of more infaunal sampling ( i.e. testing sediment nucleuss for the presence of juvenile pelecypods, polychetes, and other index species ) , decisions drawn on the true province of recovery are limited. Get downing to concentrate more attempt on measuring the infaunal community at a historical log shit site may work to better our apprehension of recovery and fin ally consequence in better direction procedures.

Advocacy Campaign Essay

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to implement an advocacy campaign that will assist adults with disabilities with the necessary resources that will assist them in becoming productive citizens in the community. As children with disabilities, community- based support services are not available after he or she becomes an adult, consequently, there is no information provided to aid them with basic needs such as social empowerment, financial assistance, provision maintenance, and other agencies that will assist them and their families if needed. This paper will also discuss the goals, barriers, and support factors that will assist in this advocacy campaign, as well as the activities that will be implemented along with the necessary resources that are available for adults with disabilities. Introduction, Needs, and Goals A young child who is diagnosed with a disability, alter their familys lives forever. Dealing with the challenges from the disability, families had to rely upon strengths withi n themselves that they did not know existed. Community-based services for children with disabilities are available until the child reaches adulthood. After the child becomes an adult and wants to pursue a career, they have to pay for it themselves through financial aid or school loans that have to be repaid back once graduation is completed. Some people with a disability cannot drive therefore, it is difficult for them to get out and socialize so they remain confined to their homes without a support system. Advocating for people with disabilities will help them receive community resources as needed that will assist them with their advocacy needs. Disabled people face many challenges in society. There is a great need for advocacy when it comes to assisting these individuals with crises that affects their daily living. The purpose of this advocacy campaign is to educate disabled people and their families about the resources that are available to assist them with their basic advocacy needs. Knight and Oliver (2007) stressed that there is a demand for advocacy for children and young people with disabilities that have difficulty with m aking important decisions that will affect their lives. The basic needs that hinders individuals with disabilities live a  productive life in the community are (1) social empowerment (2) financial assistance for education, (3) provision maintenance, and (4) support systems. Empowerment is described as a person who cannot completely accomplish their goal and become a part of society and, if they are not able to have a say, and take control over their situations regarding their life (Miller, Hinterlong, Greene, 2010). People cannot completely accomplish their goal to be a part of society if they are not able to have a say and take control over their situations regarding their life. Houten and Jacobs (2005) stressed that empowerment cannot take place unless there is active participation in their community and society. However, active involvement of disabled people has not been clear in reality, it is difficult if we take a quick look at the living circumstances and the capability of disabled people. According to Voorhis and Hostetter (2006), social empowerment among social service professionals placed attention on the perception of empowerment among social service professionals, and their responsibility for client empowerment through advocacy. Financial as sistance for education to assist people with disabilities will help them further their education after undergraduate because financial aid is no longer available. Boone and King-Berry (2009) asserts that people with disabilities and their relatives have a serious need for information related in particular to their disability status. For example, they also mentioned that a financial incentive program that offer cash or other benefits should be created to increase more income, additional services, and or else an economic opportunity for individuals with disabilities. Providing financial assistance through community support will decrease the anxiety of them not being able to complete educational goals because lack of funds, and also stop them from applying for student loans that is repayable once they receive their degree. Provision maintenance is an ongoing service for individual with disabilities to help aid in housekeeping, laundry, and meal preparation on a regular basis when needed, not just when their impairment will not allow them to perform these daily functions, so they can continue to live independently. Provision maintenance will benef it them by providing them with a service that will complete those chores on the days they are not mobile because of pain. According to Moone and Lightfoot (2009), people with disabilities desire to live independently in the community and a need for  suitable services is needed that will support them with daily living. Support systems are essential to everyone, not just those with disabilities. However, individuals with disabilities depend on the aid of family, friends, and services within the community to assist them until they are totally dependent upon themselves. Support services for people with disabilities are vital to the achievement of students with disabilities (Tagayuna, Stodden, Chang, Zeleznik, Whelley, 2005). Professionals must also accept that they have a responsibility to work with and support the disabled persons family, because a person who places the family in danger, also places professionals in danger as well. Therefore, professionals must build relationships with families for personal growth and development by supporting people with disabilities. Van Haren and Fiedler (2008) convey that professionals must positive to make families not so dependent on their advice and services through a family empowerment plan. The goal of this advocacy campaign is to support individuals with disabilities by connecting them to community based services that will aid them in their pursuit to become a well-rounded individual, to collaborate with United Cerebral Palsy in assisting with this campaign for resources for people with disabilities. As Luecking and Wittenburg (2009) reveals, a system linkage is needed to provide services for people with disabilities whose service needs, and lack of contact to supports systems can cause difficulties in preparing for schooling, work, and independent living for people with disabilities. Barriers and Supports There are several potential barriers that may hinder this campaign applying resources to people with disabilities. They are (1) a need of financial assistance if people with disabilities want to pursue a career beyond undergraduate to relieve stress of not having enough funds to continue their education because the only funding that is available is student loans, whi ch will place this population in debt. Regardless of how much students and parents spend in the United States, such as credit cards, which shows lack of financing, over fifty percent of college students have accumulated over five thousand dollars in debt from a loan company like Sally Mae (Boone, King-Berry (2009). It is important to help these people with educational funding from community resource that will help them financially while continuing their education. Another potential barrier that may hinder this campaign of applying resources for disabled people is needs  for disable people to socialize within the community regardless of their handicap. It is difficult to socialize when a person is confined at home because of a disability. There should be a resource that provides people with disabilities to go and socialize with other people beside them that have a disability. According to Taub, McLorg and Bartnick (2009), there is a barrier called environmental, which get in the way of disabled women participating in soc ial activities because of the location of the activity. For example, a person in a wheelchair, there may not be enough space for it. The last potential barrier that may hinder this campaign of applying resources to disabled people is a need for the already existing community based services to work together and provide these clients with the necessary resources if needed. A person may believe that it would be simple for community-based services to work with a counselor to provide home health care for their disabled client on an ongoing temporary basis to assist him or her with personal and home care needs per their request. On the other hand, some community base services do not provide that type of home health care. Singer, Biegel, and Ethridge (2009) support this barrier by asserting that care giving is not needed for a few weeks or months during a loved ones acute illness, instead the need for assistance with daily living commonly last for years (p. 101). Even though there are several barriers that may hinder the advocacy campaign for helping disabled people, but there are various support factors that will assist with the efforts of this campaign such as non-profit organizations, home health care, state legislatures and elected representatives. Non-profit organizations. Home health care is needed for people with disabilities to assist them with pers onal care and household chores when their mobility has decreased due to the pain from the condition when it occurs, not always because they may not be in pain on a daily basis. Therefore, there should be organizations and federal and legislatures that work together to assist these people with their personal care needs like maxim health care (www.maximhealthcare.com), which is a non-profit organization that will collaborate with other organizations and federal, state, and local policies that will help aid in the advocacy effort for these people (Wehrwein, Pollack, 2005). Activities Problem Definition Since the problem definition has been described that will advocate change a proposed campaign will be developed (Rothstein, 2008). After that,  it is necessary to research of the resources for advocating for disabled people that have access to that will help in their campaign. A resource will include centers for people with disability and the people who need information on the necessary resources these advocacy needs. Next, developing the advocacy campaign for disabled people will include finding volunteers, creating the vision and mission statement, leadershi p team, fundraisers or sponsors that will provide monetary resources, and the results of the campaign. The volunteers will consist of skillful advocates who have years of experience that is elected and appointed leaders that will work for the cause of this campaign (Donaldson, 2008). For example, the president, the vice president, secretary, treasurer, and the Chaplin. The vision and mission statement will be created from the consumer education from the issues researched for this campaign for people with disabilities. The leadership team will consist community leaders that are strong, effective, and organizers (Keys, Factors, 2001). The leadership team will be committed and knowledgeable in the issues that people with disabilities encounter. The committee will also consist people who will locate sponsors or create fundraisers to provide funds for this campaign. The results of the campaign will be the resources that will enable people with disabilities to receive services to assist them with becoming active citizens within the community, finances for school, home health care that will assist them with personal care and household chores when need, and support system that will help them and their families become independent on making their own decisions. Strategic P lanning This process will be developed from social marketing strategies for reaching people with disabilities. Social marketing is characterized as marketing techniques that will be used to gear skillful people in the area of disabilities to promote change for action (Moone, Lightfoot, 2009). For example, the planning will be created through social marketing strategies to support individuals with disabilities by connecting them to the community- based services that will aid them in their pursuit to become active citizens in the community. When advocating for people with disabilities, this type of strategy will benefit because it will focus on what the disable person need, such as social empowerment and finances to further education rather than focusing on the disability (Moone, Lightfoot, 2009). The six marketing are (1) participants, which is the people that will  focus on the needs of the disabled people (2) partnering with other agencies that will work with disabled people, this technique is essential to the campaign (3) price, getting the federal, state, and legislators to act on behalf of the disabled people (4) promotion, is the materials that will be used to get the information in the community (5) product, advocating for people with disabilities to receive the n ecessary resources for their basic needs and (6) place, is where the campaign advocates will meet within the community to provide services (Moone, Lightfoot, 2009). Actions This stage of the advocacy campaign for people with disabilities who will make contact with the people that are in the public eye such as the city officials to support the advocacy efforts on behalf of disabled people, which Eriksen (1997) characterize as lobbying. Then that person or organization must review the information from research to decide whether lobbying will be suitable advocate that will take action through communicating the organizations needs to such as agencies that provide financial assistance, home health care providers, and support systems such as United Cerebral Palsy through letters, flyers, phone calls to officials to support laws on research for resources in aiding disabled people, support groups for disabled people, and networking are beneficial to advocating for people with disabilities. This process will provide positive point of views on advocacy and support advocates that will act on behalf of disabled people (Toporek, Lewis, Crethar, 2009). Evaluations Evaluation of the advocacy campaign is vital in any organization to ensure that there are no problems that are not identified such as environmental problems, financial problems, attitudinal problems, and problems with the group that might affect the completion of the advocacy campaign (Torres, Preskill, 2001). To ensure that the evaluation of the advocacy campaign is successful in advocating on behalf of the client, the advocate leader will utilize SPIES, which is categorized as strategic planning, implementation, evaluating, and streamlining (www.courseroom2.capella.edu). Once the mission and the rationale has been established, the advocacy committee must strategize a plan along with the disabled clients to implement the goals that is aim to aid people with disabilities connect to community resources to assist in their advocacy efforts. The disabled person will have to make a decision to become a self-advocate to assist the counselor in fighting for resources to aid them  with funds for education, home health aide, and a support system that will help him or her become active people in the community. After the plan have been developed, then the implementation of the activity can be set up by allowing the client to speak at a workshop on his or her behalf about funding for education, and then evaluate by doing follow-up on him or her to see if the plan is being completed. Finally, the counselor would streamline by providing disabled people with support groups for disabled people who are having a difficult time receiving resources that will help them w ith their advocacy efforts to observe other in similar situations and help them make a decision to continue to plead for their own cause. The advocacy meetings will take place in the local library on every Wednesday of the month. There will be approximately three new volunteer members will be assigned per month as needed for campaign. Each member will be assigned four disabled clients and their family members and provide information as to whether they already receive community-based services. Counselor Roles in the Advocacy Campaign The counselor that will be advocating in the campaign for disabled people is trained in professional counseling so he or she can intervene with these clients individually or in a group in order to understand the clients disability as well as the advocacy efforts (Kiselica , Robinson, 2001). He or she will beware of their own values, skills, and personalities that are vital to advocacy, which will consist of relationship building and communications skills to effective plead the advocacy efforts to the community clearly so he or she can be heard. He or she is a good listener, seek questions to understand the needs of the client, they will portray good character and integrity that is trustworthy as well as have the ability to think normally so they can plan the best strategy for this disabled people (Eriksen, 1997). He or she will show commitment and appreciation for their clients (Kiselica, Robinson, 2001). For example, the advocate counselor wi ll ensure that the disabled client know that they understand and feel what they are experiencing and will do everything to assist them in receiving the necessary resources that will enable them to become sociable in the community, funds to continue their education, aid with household chores, and support systems that will support their needs. The advocate must be knowledgeable in communications skills such as verbal and nonverbal and realize what the client is saying and not saying. He or she should also be  able to speak with any organization that will aid in helping the disabled clients live productively by utilizing their skills in the areas of being able to discuss complicated problems with the clients such as not being able to provide home health care because of the severity of the condition, using the computer to obtain research on disability as it relates to the advocacy campaign, must be able to communicate the advocacy efforts through television or radio (Kiselica and Robinson (2001). These skills are necessary for advocacy work. The counselor has developed many relationships throughout his or her field of counseling. He or she is involved in professional organizations, assisted other organizations that are already involved in activities that already in existence in the community, and no doubt has been involved in legislation in some way. In other words, the counselor is the best advocate for advocating for this disabled people because he or she already possesses the skills that will make this grass root campaign into a reality. However, with any advocacy campaign there are ethical issues that may arise while planning a strategy. In planning for this campaign, the counselor did not consider that there may be some barriers that may hinder the personal growth and development of the disabled client while working on this campaign (Greenleaf, Williams 2009). The ethical dilemmas that may arise in advocating for disabled people to receive community resources such as being mindful of the power relationship between the counselor and the client, by not letting the client gain control over the interview by speaking on behalf of himself or herself (Knight, Oliver, 2007). For example, not gaining information about the clients disability before the interview, learn their behaviors because there may be some type of concern that they may not be able to complete the interview and counselor-client relationship by overstepping his or her by getting overly involved with the clients problems. Kiselica and Robinson (2001) assert that professionals must describe the boundaries of their relationships with clients even if they take on a more involved role than they are responsible for. For example, a counselor that is disabled may become to involved with the clients situation and make all the decisions the planning stage because they have experienced similar advocacy efforts of the client regardless of what cultural background the disabled client are from, the counselor must let the disabled client become a productive citizens by letting him or her  make their own decision for improving change through community based services. Resources There will be a list of local and systematic resources that will be used in collaboration with the advocacy campaign for disabled people to provide community based services that will assist them in locating social activities within the community to become active, funding for college to continue their education, agencies to assist them with provision maintenance, and support system that will help them and their family to become independent and work on their own behalf. (See Appendix). Recommendations There are several ideas to bear in mind prior to engaging in advocacy that involves learning definitions to the problem that has not been defined, examine the source power, observe and locate the federal and state officials that will make the decision concerning the laws on issues associated with the disability, and understand the completion and expansion of the actions concerning disabled people (Tappe, Galer, Radius, 2009). The advocate counselor must choose a strategic plan that will r e-evaluate the actions communicating the organizations needs and sporadically see if more funding is needed by researching more literature and seeking consultation from other agencies who have successfully advocated for disabled people. When engaging in grass root campaigns, there are many issues to consider such as problems that may arise both inside and outside of the organization, how the definition of the problem is going to become a sticky factor with the public, such as the media and radio, home health agencies, such as Maxim, and community based agencies, such as United Cerebral Palsy, and financial institutions, as well as the counselors profession (Gladwell, 2002). Another issue to consider is a possible setback to utilizing the social marketing strategies, such as flyers and letters, for reaching an organization and agency desired spokesperson in that it may be more successful, and might reach more disabled people than it is capable of serving (Moone, Lightfoot, 2009). Conclusion People with disabilities cause families lives to be changed dramatically because of the obstacles that are challenged on behalf of the disability where families had to depend upon their self-determination that they did not believe they had. Community based services have been available for children for a long time, but adults have no community based services that will assist them and their families if needed. An advocacy campaign for people with disabilities will enable them  to receive community resources as needed to help them with their basic needs. There is a demand for advocacy for assisting people with situations that affects their daily routine (Knight, Oliver, 2007). The rationale for this advocacy campaign is to educate disabled people and their families about the resources that are available to assist them with their advocacy needs such as social empowerment, financial empowerment, provision maintenance, and a support system.